Taxation
Corporate income tax | 20% |
Tax relief | 20–40% of the amount invested in R & D Tax relief on employment of certain workers Up to 30% of the amount invested in equipment and intangible long-term assets |
Capital gains tax | 0–20% (depending on a holding period) |
VAT (Value added tax) | 8.5% - reduced rate; 20% - standard rate |
Social security contributions | 16.1% paid by employer; 22.1% paid by employee |
Personal income tax | progressive tax rates: 16%, 27% and 41% |